Bronchial asthma
A syndrome in which there is recurrent and reversible obstruction in breathing or of the airways, which poses difficulty in breathing substances that are not toxic and even those who doesn’t affect the body. This syndrome is known as asthma. There are wheezing, cough and even dyspnea in the person who are suffering from asthma. In the industrial colonies asthma affects nearly 5% of the total population.
There is a significant increase in the treatments that are available for asthma but still the rate of mortality is rising. This has been the case why there is so much increase in the severity of this disease. Doctors feel that this effect of asthma is continuously on the rise because of the treatment that are available are not taken properly by the patient’s. This can be understood by the fact that the recent studies that have been done in the field of asthma are not accepted worldwide by every country. The commonly known and believed fact is that the basic symptom of asthma includes bronchial hyper responsiveness or inflammation of the airways that are used by the person. These symptoms are related to each other and these are present in people who even have the mildest form of asthma. The hypersensitiveness includes abnormal reactions that might occur in the person even to sensitivity towards a change in whether pollution and other climatic factors. There are a few stimuli that might cause the actual asthmatic attacks in the person’s body. The main causes of these asthmatic attacks are atmospheric changes, exercises and other respiratory allergies. There are two main phases of the asthmatic affects in the body these are identified with the tests known as FEV, these phases are:
1)The first immediate phase
2)The later phase.
There are cases in which only one of the above cases would be shown by the person. The compete details of every particular stage and event that happens are still not clear to the researchers, but in a nutshell:
The immediate phase
This is the basic phase of asthma and this includes initial responses to the changes and affects that happen to the person with changes in environment and other things. There is initial spasm in the muscles of the person, these affects the various changes that happen in the body. These also involve the mast cells of the body. These cells become predominant in the asthma but there is significant and known contribution of other cells too in the disorder. There are receptors of IgE in both platelets and the macrophages, these IgE are responsible for the major actions that happen during asthma. The allergic asthma stimulates the affinity of these platelets and the cells that are in the respiratory tract of the body. There is possible that the non allergic stimulants may also stimulate the irritant receptors during asthma. The sensory nerves and other nerve fibers also get stimulated through these receptors thus causing the basic symptoms of asthma. The exercise induced asthma is there in the basic first step of the asthmatic reactions.
The late phase:
The second or the late phase in the asthma represents a stage where there are symptoms of delayed responses and activities. These symptoms may be mostly those which might be much frequent during night. There might be inflammatory reactions too they might be mostly occurring during night. The inflammatory reactions are not acute reactions this is basically due to the fact that these are not directly associated with the symptoms of asthma. There might be infiltration but not by the inflammatory reactions that occur during asthma. There are cases when there is loss of blood and degree of loss of the epithelium from the body. There are demands from the doctors and other responsible authorities that asthma should now be redefined as chronic, desquamating eosinophilic bronchiolitis.
There are two different categories of drugs that are available for the treatment of asthma, these drugs act as anti inflammatory agents. The types of drugs and the types of severity are the factors that are dependent on each other according to the severity a drug is issued to the patient. There might be increase in mucosal infection this might be the reason of more inflammation during the second stage. Over relying on the drugs, bronchodilators and less knowledge of the causes of asthma and inflammatory responses have led to an increase in the mortality rates of the person. The management of asthma is complex ad needs proper care by any doctor.